Puma Marketing Project - 5317 Words

Introduction: With a hallmark of mixing it up, PUMA has a top 10 position in the global sporting goods market. We have distinguished ourselves from the competitive landscape and strengthened our hold in our consumers life. Puma has risen fast to attain sixth place in the global sportswear market, doubling its annual profits in one year. Dedicated to delivering cutting edge products and a long-term growth plan are key drivers in our longevity which result in our ability to anticipate the markets needs. As we will continue to stay true to our objective and expand our innovative ideas, we are confident that 2005 will be another rewarding year for PUMA. The following contains our internal analysis, external analysis, DAFO Analysis, fixed†¦show more content†¦PUMA has been built on them and needs them to flow relentlessly hour by hour, day by day. This demands a willingness to think outside the box, to zig where others zag and to seek inspiration beyond the more obvious boundaries of our bus iness universe. Such creativity has inspired the PUMA brand strategy. It will also be needed to make it a reality. Looking back at 2003, PUMAs global advertising campaigns aimed at communicating a singular and unique message to our consumer base. Center stage in the second half of 2003, was PUMAs Hello campaign that strived to solidify the brands personality to a growing consumer audience. The soft product focus, and Hello tagline aim to nurture an emotional bond through the use of fun and light-hearted imagery and to establish PUMAs openness as a brand. In contrast, by marrying the elements of sport and fun, PUMAs 4some concept exemplified the companys devotion to its strong sport heritage. Held in six key cities across Europe, it is a four-woman team based competition involving running, swimming, cycling and football. Communicated as a time to have fun, learn and compete, 4some targeted the recreational female athlete who regards physical health as only one element of well being. So their marketing has necessarily has to go through the previous concepts to reach as much sport varieties as possible providing the maximum quality and image to each one of their products and customers.Show MoreRelatedMarketing Strategy Of Puma And Adidas Essay1900 Words   |  8 Pageshave in common today. Puma is known to be one of the most popular brands in the sports industry, along with Nike and Adidas. It is a huge company with various types of customers who is either a sport and athletics fan or love the trends and fashion of Puma. It will be interesting to analyze the history and steps taken to maintain their impressive status as there has been constant competition with their rivals throughout history. Considering Nike and Adidas’ standings today, Puma still holds a largeRead MoreConverse Inc Campaign in Kuala Lumpur, Penang and Johor1088 Words   |  4 Pagescurrencies and hence can be at a loss sometimes. For example Malaysia, Indonesia, France, Singapore and so on. At the same time, the currency exchange from certain country may be loss. Tough competition from existing brands means limited market share, Puma, Adidas and Fila are also their competitor because all these footwear company also produce good quality and better design. This make shows that they will get not much of profit. We will like to do a campaign that will be located in some places likeRead MoreNike vs Adidas1127 Words   |  5 PagesENTREPRENEURSHIP PROJECT CASE STUDY INTRODUCTION CONTENTS 1. | ACKNOWLGEMENT | 2. | AIM | 3. | INTODUCTION OF THE COMPANIES | 4. | COMPARISION OF MARKETING STRATEGY | 5. | DATA ANALYSIS | 6. | DATA REPORT | 7. | CONCLUSION | ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank my teacher Mrs. Grace for her extensive support in the completion of this entrepreneurship project and also providing me with help full tips. This project hasRead MoreWorking Capital Strategis Essay examples1405 Words   |  6 Pages11% of revenue in marketing and this expense will help in promoting strong brands and maintain product recognition. In 2006, Nike spent $1.74 billion in advertising, 11.6% of revenue. This advertising led to Nikes operating margin of 8.80%. Nike is not the most profitable company in the footwear industry that title belongs to Puma. Puma has a margin of 9.55% on $4.1 in revenue. Puma had to put 15.23% of revenue towards advertising. With Nike being not as profitable as Puma, this disadvantageRead MoreMarketing Plan Nike3380 Words   |  14 PagesINTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE Sofia MARKETING PLAN Market entry/grow opportunity for Nike in Bulgaria INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT Coursework in MARKETING Student registration No: 20019402 Program: MBA Lecturer: Dr. V. Blagoev Executive Summary Our approach to developing a market-entry strategy follows a structured process, based on in-depth understanding of all aspects that feed into a commercial launch. A comprehensive analysis, using market data and marketRead MoreNike Marketing Strategy Review1044 Words   |  5 PagesMurad Tahirov Marketing Spotlight-Nike The Nike story begins with its founder, running enthusiast Phil Knight. In 1962, Knight started Blue Ribbon Sports, the precursor to Nike. At the time, the athletic shoe industry was dominated by two German companies, Adidas and Puma. Knight recognized a neglected segment of serious athletes whose specialized needs were not being addressed. The concept was simple: Provide high-quality running shoes designed especially for athletes by athletes. KnightRead MoreMarketing Plan4406 Words   |  18 Pagesindustry is still on the rise, even during the recession, and it’s worth is over 58 billion. Nike was the first athletic company to market and advertise athletic shoes. Other popular brands have basically based their marketing strategy off of Nike’s, in regards to branding and marketing. ! Monique Scott 2.2 SWOT Analysis The SWOT Analysis cover’s the company’s strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats. Also taking a walk through how Nike’s new product, the Nike ID Silver, will playRead MoreBusiness Analysis : Shoe Industry1229 Words   |  5 Pagesconsumers Shoe Industry is Operating in monopolistic competition for the reason that the product has substitute goods and they control the price. Furthermore, Nike and other rivals such as Adidas and Puma compete with each other by organizing their marketing program through all aspects of Integrated marketing communication and leveraged their brand image through contracts with athletes, sponsorships/partnerships with teams and players of international repute in the field of football, athletics, golf,Read MoreRatio Analysis Report5137 Words   |  21 PagesANALYSIS OF; * NIKE INC * PUMA * ADIDAS Contents * Executive Summary | * Nike INC | * Puma | * Adidas | * Financial Ratios | * DOL amp; DFL | * Analysis of FinancialRead MoreNike And Challenges Of Nike Inc. Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pagesmanages and delivers its service to its customers as well as its business strategies and rationale behind such strategies Nike Inc. chose. Nike Inc. offers a wide range of products by categorising its products into different sports. Project Approach This is a project that gathers data/information/findings that are used to conclude the write-up. All information are based on research done on-line together with survey for recommendation purposes and offline through visit to store. The analysis would

The Database Management System (DBMS) - 1451 Words

The Database Management System (DBMS) is software that enables the users to define, create, maintain and control the access to the database. It is a software that interact with the user’s applications programs and it database. Meanwhile, information retrieval system is a system that involved the activity that the systems obtain the information. The obtaining information action need the information from it resources. The DBMS has a function that can be differentiate from the information retrieval system. The DBMS have the ability to store, update and retrieve the data. This is the main function of the DBMS because the database can be used if there is any record is being stored into the database. The record need to be retrieve first, then†¦show more content†¦The users that want to access the records or the data need to be an authorized user of the system. The user that wants to access the records or the data must have a password or must be a valid user. The authorization services will help determine if there’s any person who want to try to access the data without permission. The functions of the information retrieval system are it has variety of sources for the information. It has variety of sources for the information and it also has the user requirements too. The information retrieval system will analyze the contents of the sources. It also must include the user queries. The item then will be retrieve and it will be match according to the relevancy. The information retrieval system also will represent the contents of the sources that have been analyzed. The content is automatically being created in one or more index files and it has been combined with the user queries. Furthermore, the user queries has been analyzed by the information retrieval system and it the queries will be represent in a form that is suitable for the matching database. It can be done in many ways. The information retrieval system can identify the information or the sources that meet the target users. This is because the content will be analyzed from the sources by the information retrieval system. The variety of the information will increase rapidly when using the information retrieval system. The job of identify theShow MoreRelatedDatabase Management System ( Dbms )1391 Words   |  6 Pages A database management system or DBMS is a certain type of system software, which is used for the creation, and management of databases. A DBMS serves for multiple purposes but is mainly used to provide users and programmers with a systematic way to retrieve, create, manage, and update data. A DBMS serves as an interface between data and its end user, making sure that data is consistently organized and remains easily accessible to users. DBMS’s are vital to several aspects of our technological worldRead MoreDatabase Management Systems ( Dbms )898 Words   |  4 Pagesmust pay clo se attention to how they access, store and use data. One of the systems at the heart of current data management is different database management system. But as with most technology product out there, people have a wide range of database technologies and systems to choose from. Picking out the most convenient for your business can be difficult. This guide will hope to explain what database management systems are and what are the benefits for using one. We’ll also explain some of theRead MoreDatabase Management System ( Dbms )836 Words   |  4 Pagesis a DBMS? Briefly describe the components of a DBMS. Database Management System(DBMS) is a collection of interrelated data (database) and set of programs to access and modify those data. DBMS has several components. Each component has some specific task to perform. The Major components DBMS are as follows, Hardware Without hardware it is not possible to implement DBMS. The main hardware is the computer used for storing and accessing the data in database. Other hardware components used in DBMS areRead MoreDatabase Management Systems Or Dbms1791 Words   |  8 PagesDatabase Management Systems or DBMS’ are essential software’s for databases that take in information to be processed, organized, and analyzed. DBMS’ play a significant role in many things we interact with on the daily like the internet. DBMS’ can be on a small scale for individual use or on a larger scale for a company looking to keep track of all the data they collect. Each database is custom designed for the company, or organization that will use it. Records are kept in databases and each recordRead MoreDatabase Management System Software ( Dbms )1557 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Database management system software (DBMS) is the software that can operate on the front and back end of an organization’s database. As do the database requirements of an organization differ, so do the types of DBMS software. The type of DBMS software required can often be narrowed down to the organization’s size and industry (Mohamed 2016). Currently, the top three DBMSs are Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft SQL Server (â€Å"Microsoft SQL Server vs. MySQL vs. Oracle Comparison† 2016). Read MoreRelational Database Management System (Dbms)1695 Words   |  7 Pagesthe data storage using a database management system, in this case, Microsoft Access to address the problem Purpose and goal of this project To develop an improved data storage system using Microsoft Access 2010 as the Relational Database Management System (DBMS) that would make generation of Pivot Tables and charts easy while proving other benefits to the business. The database will replace the Microsoft XLS file format for storing the data and the benefit of database normalization will be realizedRead MoreAnalyzing Database Management Systems ( Dbms ) Come Into Play1948 Words   |  8 PagesAnalyzing Database Management Systems Data. It is all around every person on this earth whether they realize it or not. Throughout each and everyone’s life they collect data and have their data collected by others. Height, weight, shopping habits, health history are all examples of data that is tracked. The question is what is done with this data? People, companies, even the government analyze the data they collect and analyze it with hope of discovering new information. How they do this isRead MoreAnalyzing Database Management Systems ( Dbms ) Come Into Play1888 Words   |  8 PagesAnalyzing Database Management Systems Data. It encompasses every person on earth, whether they realize it or not. Throughout each’s life they collect data and have their data collected by others. Height, weight, shopping habits, health history are all examples of data that is tracked. The question is what is done with this data? People, companies, even the government analyze the data they collect and analyze it with the hope of discovering new information. How they accomplish this is particularlyRead Morethe pros and cons of a database management system (DBMS) for a new a newly established multi-campus Mpokeleshi University library in Muchinga province of Zambia.1989 Words   |  8 Pagespresent a position paper about the pros and cons of a database management system (DBMS) for a new a newly established multi-campus Mpokeleshi University library in Muchinga province of Zambia. It further gives sufficiently clear arguments to enable the vice-chancellor make an informed decision on the way forward. The paper will first define the major concepts under review before outlining the pros and cons of a database management system (DBMS) and finally give sufficiently clear arguments to enableRead MoreDatabase Management And A Computer System1325 Words   |  6 PagesData Management is you must learn what each word stands for. We are going to break down the full meaning to give you a full understanding of what data management is, the purpose and its advantages. First and foremost data is a collection of facts from which you can draw a conclusion. In computer terminology data is anything in a form suitable for use with a computer. Database is a collection of data that is organized so that its content can easily be accessed, managed, and updated; database is a

Services Marketing & Relationship Marketing - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theServices Marketing Relationship Marketingfor Coles. Answer: The reflective essay sheds light on the marketing services and relationship marketing of an organisation. The services provided by an organisation determine its relationship and effectiveness of marketing strategies. The reflective essay focuses on the importance of front-stage and backstage activities of an organisation. These activities are important in order to maintain the flexibility of an organisation and ensure that the internal and external threat factors are mitigated successfully. A description about the significance of the services encountered by the customers and employees; along with the managerial implications of the activities are provided in the essay. For the purpose of the essay and a better understanding of the impact of front stage and backstage activities, Coles has been chosen. A flowchart is provided in order to conceptualise the effects in a clear manner. Coles is a famous retail department store in Australia. Set up in 1914, the organisation is situated in Melbourne. Presently the company owns AUD$22.1 billion assets and accounts for more than 80% of the Australian market. In 2007, Wesfarmers approached to purchase Coles for AUD$22 billion. By 2008, the purchase of the company was complete. In the modern day, the company launched a new website by the name of Coles Online to provide online shopping services to its customers (Coles.com, 2017). In my opinion, the front-stage and backstage activities of Coles help it to maintain its dominance in the Australian market. With a continuous threat coming from Woolworths, the implications of a proper managerial strategy can help the company to maximise its sales. According to Markham, (2013), front-stage activities are the interactions that take place between the customers and the service providers. The interactions include communication with the customers, receiving feedbacks, providing after sales or before sales services and so on. These interactions help an organisation to complete itself and work hard towards achieving its goals of satisfying customers. The backstage activities, on the other hand, are the type of activities that are not visible to the customers. These include the strategies, service chain, manufacturing processes that are done within the organisational boundaries and rules (Liu et al., 2017). In the light of this statement, I can state that both these activities are important for the success of an organisation. Working harmoniously can help in the progress of an organisation. I have observed that the more the amount of interaction with the customers the better it is for the reputation of an organisation. In the case of C oles, the application of such a concept can help it to gain a competitive edge over its rivals. Hence, a flowchart of the types of services offered by Coles can be used to analyse its effectiveness. From the flowchart, it can be seen that several sub-divisions exist under both categories that help it to distinguish between the services. These categories are unique and form the foundations of an organisation. For example, the facilities of an organisation, its contact personnel and the promotional techniques help it to attract and interact with customers. In the case of Coles, these factors are important to satisfy customers because the appearance of the company is also analysed by the customers. The back-stage factors include the number of employees, the strategies taken by the managers and the number of orders that need to be carried out. La Rocca et al., (2017) stated that these activities are equally important as the front-stage activities. I am of the same view, as these activities are co-related to another. I have observed that without a proper strategy and a sufficient number of employees, an organisation cannot maintain itself. The results from the front-stage activities prompt the managers to take action at the backstage. For example, if a customer returns a particular product of Coles, then the managers gave to investigate the cause of the failure of the product. This is done at the backstage of Coles so that customers or rival companies do not have access to seek out strategic information (Brockhoff Hauschildt, 2013). In this regard, it can be said that the service encounters between customers and employees of Coles can be determined by the front-stage analysis. It can be seen that Coles need to maintain its focus on the satisfaction of the customers. This includes providing proper after sales service, guiding customers inside the store and solving any queries related to product or price. Proper contact personnel need to be identified that can take care of the needs of the customers (Sandstrm, Berglund Magnusson, 2014). In this way, customers can remain happy and contribute to the success of the organisation. Apart from employees, it is also needed that Coles install equipment that is convenient for the use of the customers. This is mainly because of the fact that customers prefer to handle equipment that is easy to use and light to carry. In the case of online purchase, a less complicated payment method may help Coles to satisfy customers. Based on this analysis I can say that service encounter is important for Coles. Based on the services provided by the company, the customers can remain satisfied. Apart from this, the backstage operations of Coles can also fluctuate. The back-stage operations or activities are the managerial implications of a company. The managers of every company take strategic decisions that contribute to the profitability and success of a company (Sderlund, 2017). The first major decision that needs to be made is the satisfaction of employees. This is mainly because a dissatisfied, employee can misguide customers and lead to a fall in the reputation of the organisation. This is also important in the case of Coles. The managers of Coles need to keep the employees satisfied and motivated. The employees need to be given proper authority to take decisions regarding the welfare of the organisation. The back-stage activities also involve formulating strategies based on the orders and/or replacement of the products (Brockhoff Hauschildt, 2013). The managers need to ensure that the strategies are communicated with the employees so that mistakes can be avoided in the organisation. Thus, after analysing the backstage activities, I opin e that the managerial implications of the strategies and the thoughts about the welfare of the companies need to be made depending upon the level of success of an organisation. In the case of Coles, the implications made by the managers need to be such that the organisation outgrows its competitors and improve its reputation in the Australian retail market. Thus, I can conclude that for an organisation to exist successfully, it is necessary that the front-stage and backstage work simultaneously. This is important in order to gain a competitive advantage. The activities involved in these two stages need to be managed well in the proper departments so that the goals of the organisation can be reached. After analysing this topic, I can say that the implications of strategies by a manager are based on the service encounters between the customers. In the case of Coles, the main aim is to maintain the reputation and work on growth. Hence, the implications of these strategies and techniques are important for the organisation. Reference Brockhoff, K., Hauschildt, J. (Eds.). (2013).The dynamics of innovation: strategic and managerial implications. Springer Science Business Media. Coles.com (2017). Retrieved 21 August 2017, from https://www.coles.com.au/ Kazemzadeh, Y., Milton, S. K., Johnson, L. W. (2015). Service blueprinting and process-chain-network: an ontological comparison.International Journal of Qualitative Research in Services,2(1), 1-12. La Rocca, A., Hoholm, T., Mrk, B. E. (2017). Practice theory and the study of interaction in business relationships: Some methodological implications.Industrial Marketing Management,60, 187-195. Liu, Y. F., Xu, Y., Ling, I. L. (2017). The impact of backstage cues on service evaluation.International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences,9(2). Markham, S. K. (2013). The Impact of Front?End Innovation Activities on Product Performance.Journal of Product Innovation Management,30(S1), 77-92. Sandstrm, C., Berglund, H., Magnusson, M. (2014). Symmetric assumptions in the theory of disruptive innovation: Theoretical and managerial implications.Creativity and Innovation Management,23(4), 472-483. Sderlund, M. (2017). Employee display of burnout in the service encounter and its impact on customer satisfaction.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,37, 168-176.

Online Shopping free essay sample

However, the Internet has unique risk, so staying safe while shopping online is paramount. There are few ways that attackers can take advantage of online shoppers. First on the list would be targeting vulnerable computers. If you do not take steps to protect your computer from viruses or other malicious code, an attacker may be able to gain access to your computer and all of the information on it. It is also important for vendors to protect their computers to prevent attackers from accessing customer databases. Next would be creating fraudulent sites and email messages. Unlike traditional shopping, where you know that a store is actually the store it claims to be, attackers can create malicious websites that appear to be legitimate or email messages that appear to have been sent from a legitimate source. Charities may also be misrepresented in this way, especially after natural disasters or during holiday seasons. It is this level of service that dictates whether a commercial venture will succeed or not in the market. To provide a high accessibility of service we will design the online shopping website, so that potential customers need not go to a physical shop to buy products or services. They just need to online to complete their purchases. Unlike the prevailing â€Å"brick and mortar† shops which have physical existence, we will operate solely from cyberspace. Most current systems have a physical foundation that is the root cause to quite a number of problems. By maintaining multiple store fronts, itself being an expensive proposition, store prices are forced to rise. Thus, by using our product, our clients’ competitors are at a disadvantage because their costs are significantly higher than our costs, allowing our clients to sell the same goods at a lower price. As people become more accustomed to using the internet, they view ordering products and services online as a time-saving and cost-saving experience, which is the very essence of our online shopping system. This project envisages bridging the gap between the seller, the retailer and the customer. A very high flexibility is being maintained in the design process so that this project can take the following path : A multiple merchant venue with each merchant having his/her own window which the customer can visit to browse and subsequently buy the products from Maintaining the deliverable goods as well as services through single or multiple windows is also on the agenda. Target users : (Tentative list only) Mall Administrator: The Mall Administrator is the super user and has complete control over all the activities that can be performed. The application notifies the administrator of all shop creation requests, and the administrator can then approve or reject them. The administrator also manages the list of available product categories. The administrator can also view and delete entries in the guestbook. Shop Owner: Any user can submit a shop creation request through the application. When the request is approved by the Mall Administrator, the requester is notified, and from there on is given the role of Shop Owner. The Shop Owner is responsible for setting up the shop and maintaining it. The job involves managing the sub-categories of the items in the shop. Also, the shop owner can add or remove items from his shop. The Shop Owner can view different reports that give details of the sales and orders specific to his shop. The Shop Owner can also decide to close shop and remove it from the mall. Mall Customer/Guests: A Mall Customer can browse through the shops and choose products to place in a virtual shopping cart. The shopping cart details can be viewed and items can be removed from the cart. To proceed with the purchase, the customer is prompted to login. Also, the customer can modify personal profile information (such as phone number and shipping address) stored by the application. The customer can also view the status of any previous orders, and cancel any order that has not been shipped yet. Employees: Purchase department under a Purchase manager to overlook purchasing activities if warehousing needs arise. Sales department under a Sales manager who will look after the sale of products and services, the most important activity. Accounts department under an Accounts manager to look after the accounting activities of the enterprise. Project Scope Initial functional requirements will be: Secure registration and profile management facilities for Customers Browsing through the e-Mall to see the items that are there in each category of products like Apparel, Kitchen accessories, Bath accessories, Food items etc. Adequate searching mechanisms for easy and quick access to particular products and services. Creating a Shopping cart so that customers can shop ‘n’ no. of items and checkout finally with the entire shopping carts Customers should be able to mail the Shop about the items they would like to see in the Shop Regular updates to registered users of the website about new arrivals. Secured mechanism for checking out from the Shop (Credit card verification mechanism) Updates to customers about the recently added items in the shop through various mechanisms. Uploading ‘Most Purchased’ Items in each category of products in the Shop like Apparel, Kitchen accessories, Bath accessories, Food items etc. Strategic data and graphs for Administrators and Shop owners about the items that are popular in each category and age group Give special discounts to Premier customers Shop employees are responsible for internal affairs like processing orders,assure home delivery, getting customers delivery-time feedback, updating orders status and answering clients queries online. Feedback mechanism, so that customers can give feedback for the product or service which they have purchased. Also facility rating of individual products by relevant customers. Also feedback can be given on the performance of particular vendors and the entire mall as well. Adequate payment mechanism and gateway for all popular credit cards, cheques and other relevant payment options, as available from time to time. Initial non functional requirements will be: Secure access of confidential data (user’s details). SSL can be used. 24 X 7 availability Better component design to get better performance at peak time Flexible service based architecture will be highly desirable for future extension Advertisement space where it will effectively catch the customer’s attention and as a source of revenue. Initial reporting needs that are to be answered will be: Category wise items that are sold more and the brand names for the same Which brand is more popular in each category of products Who are the customers who visit often( to facilitate them by making them Premier customers ) Discounts given to the Premier customers In addition to the above mentioned points, due to the highly evolving nature of the project, the following are planned to be delivered if deemed necessary: Warehousing within the very ambits of the project More payment gateways. Dynamic price model by which prices can be changed based on demand and supply Dynamic Storefront: Each customer had a Web page personalized based on his or her recent purchases. This is the equivalent of having a unique storefront for each customer in hopes of drawing in as many return customers as possible. This list is by no means, a final one. The final list will be dictated by implementation constraints, market forces and most importantly, by end user demands for whom this is being built. Technology Platform Operating System: Any OS with a Java VM implementation. Programming language: JAVA EE: Java Enterprise Edition is a programming platform— part of the Java Platform-for developing and running distributed multi-tier architecture Java applications, based largely on modular software components running on an application server. HTML, XML: Hyper Text Markup Language and Extensible markup Language are the predominant markup languages for web pages. It provides a means to describe the structure of text-based information in a document and to supplement that text with interactive forms, embedded images, and other objects. Any other scripting language as deemed necessary. Tools Development Environment DB2 EXPRESS EDITION: DB2 Database is the database management system that delivers a flexible and cost effective database platform to build robust on demand business applications. Apache Tomcat 6. 0.18 Server (minimum requirement JSE 5. 0, no JDK is required only JRE is sufficient) OR WAS: IBM WebSphere application server is an application server that runs business applications and supports the J2EE and web services standards OR Sun GlassFish Application server. ECLIPSE J2EE: Eclipse is a toolkit which is designed for the creation of more complex projects, providing fully dynamic web application utilizing EJB’s. This consist of EJB tools , CMP ,data mapping tools a universal test client that is designed to aid testing of EJB’s. OR Oracle JDeveloper 11g IDE along with ADF